Authors: (including presenting author): :
Wong SY (1), Chan KK (1), Chan KL (1), Ma WL (1)
Affiliation: :
(1) Community Rehabilitation Service Support Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Keyword 2: :
Neuro-Muscular Disease
Keyword 3: :
Occupational Therapy
Introduction: :
Neuro-muscular diseases (NMDs), including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), muscular dystrophy (MD), and motor neuron disease (MND), are progressive conditions characterized by severe muscle weakness and a profound loss of motor function. While wheelchairs are fundamental to mobility, standard commercial designs often fail to accommodate the complex, shifting ergonomic requirements of NMD patients, leading to physical discomfort and reduced functional independence. This study investigates the integration of 3D printing technology within occupational therapy (OT) practice to create cost-effective, bespoke adaptations that address these specific clinical challenges.
Objectives: :
The primary objective was to demonstrate the essential role of the occupational therapist in utilizing 3D printing to provide highly individualized interventions that improve wheelchair usability, postural stability, and functional autonomy for individuals with NMDs.
Methodology: :
This case-series involved four male patients (aged 33–60) with SMA, MD, and MND, each presenting with unique mobility limitations. The occupational therapist’s clinical reasoning was central to the intervention: OTs conducted comprehensive ergonomic assessments and collaborated with patients to identify specific functional barriers. Based on these clinical findings, customized components—including mini and enlarged joysticks, power switch controls, and specialized armrest platforms—were designed using CAD software and fabricated via 3D printing. Pre- and post-intervention functional assessments were conducted through therapist observations and patient feedback to evaluate the efficacy of these personalized modifications.
Result & Outcome: :
The results confirmed that OT-led 3D-printed adaptations significantly improved wheelchair handling and patient satisfaction. For patients with limited dexterity, customized mini joysticks enabled precise control and reduced operational fatigue. For those with postural instability, modified armrests minimized discomfort and hand strain. Across all cases, patients reported increased confidence and independence in daily activities, while OTs observed a measurable reduction in caregiver dependency and improved engagement in activities of daily living (ADLs). While 3D-printed solutions proved effective, challenges regarding material durability and hardware compatibility were identified. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that the occupational therapist’s expertise is vital for translating 3D technology into effective clinical outcomes. By integrating digital fabrication into the OT toolkit, therapists can move beyond "one-size-fits-all" solutions to provide truly tailored treatments that adapt to the progressive nature of NMDs
